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Doxazosin

Classification: A

Drug products: Alfadil, Alfadil®, Alfadil® BPH, Cardura, Cardura BPH, Carduran, Doxacor, Doxalfa, Doxazosin 2care4, Doxazosin Actavis, Doxazosin AL, Doxazosin AL 2, Doxazosin Ebb, Doxazosin NM Pharma, Doxazosin ratiopharm, Doxazosin Sandoz, Doxazosin Stada, Doxazosin STADA®, Doxazosin Uro, Doxazosin-ratiopharm, Doxazosin-Ratiopharm

ATC code: C02CA04

Substances: doxazosin, doxazosin mesylate

Summary

Doxazosin is indicated for treatment of high blood pressure in men and women, and benign prostatic hyperplasia in men. The antihypertensive effect of doxazosin is equivalent in men and women.

Additional information

Pharmacokinetics and dosing

No clinically relevant sex differences in pharmacokinetics have been observed at steady state with of 4 mg doxazosin once daily in a controlled-release gastrointestinal therapeutic system formulation (GITS) [1-3]. The Cmax and AUC were approximately 20% higher in women than men at steady state. However, after a single 4 mg dose, the Cmax and AUC 45% and 46% higher in women [3]. In a similar study stratified by age groups, the sex difference was only seen in the young group. Young women had higher Cmax and AUC than the rest of the study population; the AUC was 45% higher on day 1 (p<0.05) and 20% higher in day 7 when compared to young men. Further, the highest number of adverse effects were reported in young women, however the number of adverse effects declined with time and steady state was achieved [3]. Based on this, FDA’s clinical pharmacology reviewer considered that young women would benefit from dose-titration at doses lower than 4 mg due to the disproportionate high number of adverse effects and the sex differences in pharmacokinetic parameters. However, the 4 mg GITS is the lowest available dose, making dose titration not possible in young women. Further, the sex difference in AUC was possible due to a lower body weight in women [3]. In spite of this, no dose adjustment  according to sex [2] or age [3] is recommended.

Effects

In a clinical trial (74 men, 38 women) examining the effects of doxazosin 1 mg daily in patients with mild hypertension, blood pressure were reduced to a similar extent in men and women [4]. Also, doxazosin is used to reduce symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia in men [5].

Adverse effects

Clinical studies report that the type and incidence of adverse events from doxazosin were similar in men and women [1, 6]. However, there have been indications of an association between higher drug concentration and a higher risk of adverse events in women (see above under Pharmacokinetics and dosing).

Reproductive health issues

Regarding teratogenic aspects, please consult Janusmed Drugs and Birth Defects (in Swedish, Janusmed fosterpåverkan).

Other information

Several clinical trials have shown good results with the use of α1-blockers in the treatment of lower ureteral stones [6, 7]. A comparative prospective study (40 men, 40 women) evaluated the effects of doxazosin 4 mg once daily in patients with distal ureteral stones. The results showed no statistically significant difference in expulsion time, expulsion rate, and numbers of renal colic episodes among men and women. Safety and tolerability of the therapy were considered to be same in both sexes [6].

Doxazosin is used in men with erectile dysfunction, however with varying results [8].

Updated: 2020-08-28

Date of litterature search: 2019-03-06

References

  1. Chung M, Vashi V, Puente J, Sweeney M, Meredith P. Clinical pharmacokinetics of doxazosin in a controlled-release gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) formulation. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999;48:678-87. PubMed
  2. Kwon YH, Gwak HS, Yoon SJ, Chun IK. Pharmacokinetics of doxazosin gastrointestinal therapeutic system after multiple administration in Korean healthy volunteers. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2007;33:824-9. PubMed
  3. Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics Review - CARDURA XL (doxazosin mesylate). Drugs@FDA [www]. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). [updated 2005-02-22, cited 2019-03-06]. länk
  4. Pickering TG, Levenstein M, Walmsley P. Differential effects of doxazosin on clinic and ambulatory pressure according to age, gender, and presence of white coat hypertension Results of the HALT Study Hypertension and Lipid Trial Study Group. Am J Hypertens. 1994;7:848-52. PubMed
  5. Doggrell SA. After ALLHAT: doxazosin for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2004;5:1957-64. PubMed
  6. Resorlu B, Bozkurt OF, Senocak C, Unsal A. Effectiveness of doxazosin in the management of lower ureteral stones in male and female patients. Int Urol Nephrol. 2011;43:645-9. PubMed
  7. Aydogdu O, Burgu B, Gucuk A, Suer E, Soygur T. Effectiveness of doxazosin in treatment of distal ureteral stones in children. J Urol. 2009;182:2880-4. PubMed
  8. van Dijk MM, de la Rosette JJ, Michel MC. Effects of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists on male sexual function. Drugs. 2006;66:287-301. PubMed
  9. Läkemedelsstatistik. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. 2018 [cited 2019-03-08.] länk

Authors: Linnéa Karlsson Lind

Reviewed by: Mia von Euler

Approved by: Karin Schenck-Gustafsson