Codeine
Information
Underlying data for P, B and T are from Fass. Data for B is also supported by the Goodpoint 2016 report.
Fass environmental information
Fass environmental information for Citodon (codeine, paracetamol) (downloaded 2019-02-13).
Hazard
Persistence: "The potential for persistence of codeine cannot be excluded, due to lack of data."
Bioaccumulation: log Kow = 1.14.
Toxicity: No data.
Risk
"The risk of environmental impact of codeine cannot be excluded, since no ecotoxicity data are available."
Report from Goodpoint 2016
The knowledge about the presence of codeine in Swedish waters and the impact on aquatic organisms is poor. Low potential for bioaccumulation.
Analyzes of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment in Stockholm County
Codeine has been detected in treated wastewater in Stockholm County in the last five years (2012-2016).
Codeine has been found in spiders
Codeine was one of the top 5 most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in spiders (article Richmond et al. 2018).
References
- Goodpoint. Prioritering av läkemedel med miljörisk inom SLL. Stockholm: Goodpoint; 2016. Rapport LS 2016–0634.
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd. Fick J, Lindberg RH, Kaj L, Brorström-Lundén E. Results from the Swedish National Screening Programme 2010. Subreport 3, B 2014 Pharmaceuticals.
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd Fick J, Lindberg RH, Fång J, Magnér J, Kaj L, Brorström-Lundén E. Screening 2014. Analysis of pharmaceuticals and hormones in samples from WWTPs and receiving waters. Rapport C 135.
- Fick J, Lindberg RH, Tysklind M, Larsson DG. Predicted critical environmental concentrations for 500 pharmaceuticals. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2010;58:516-23.
- SLL. Sammanställning av läkemedelsprovtagningar - Bearbetning av regional försäljningsstatistik av läkemedel samt datamaterial från Stockholms läns landstings mätprogram för läkemedelssubstanser i vattenmiljö, 2012–2016.
- Richmond EK, Rosi EJ, Walters DM, Fick J, Hamilton SK, Brodin T et al. A diverse suite of pharmaceuticals contaminates stream and riparian food webs. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):4491.
- Stockholm County Council. The Wise List 2015.
Author: Health and Medical Care Administration, Region Stockholm