Furosemide
Summary
This summary information comes from Fass. Information on bioaccumulation and risk is supported by the report from Goodpoint.
Persistence. Furosemide is potentially persistent.
Bioaccumulation. Furosemide has low potential for bioaccumulation.
Toxicity. Furosemide has low acute toxicity.
Risk. The use of furosemide (sales data Sweden 2018) has been considered to result in insignificant environmental risk.
Detailed information
Fass environmental information for Furix (furosemide) from Takeda Pharma (downloade 2021-06-28)
Hazard
Persistence: Test results from "closed bottle test" (OECD guideline 301D) shows that the biological degradation is 0% in 28 days (Ref. 2). There is no information regarding the metabolites. Furosemide is potentially persistent.
Bioaccumulation: Log Kow ≤ 0 at pH 7, test method used to determine log K is a HPLC with C18 analytical column. Since log Kow < 4, the substance has low potential for bioaccumulation.
Toxicity: There are data for 3 trophic levels, most sensitive algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) EC50 72 h = 142000 microg/L.
Risk
PEC/PNEC is based on sales data in Sweden in year 2018. PEC/PNEC = 50,06 x 10–4 which gives the risk insignificant.
Fass environmental information for Lasix Retard (furosemide) from Sanofi (downloaded 2021-06-28)
Hazard
Persistence: No data.
Bioaccumulation: Log Kow = 2.03 at neutral pH (experimentally derived, method unknown). Since log Kow < 4 at pH 7, furosemide has low potential for bioaccumulation.
Toxicity: There are data for 3 trophic levels, most sensitive crustaceans (Daphnia magna): EC50 48 h (immobilization) = >100 000 microg/L. Comment: Values reported as greater than are not according to the guidelines. The actual value may be lower.
Risk
PEC/PNEC is based on sales data in Sweden in year 2016. PEC/PNEC = 0.0078 which gives the risk insignificant.
Pharmaceuticals residues in the aquatic environment in Region Stockholm
Furosemide has been found in purified wastewater, surface water and drinking water in Region Stockholm.
Report Goodpoint 2016
Large margin between concentrations in the environment and the concentration that affects the environment in Sweden. Furosemide has a low potential for bioaccumulation.
References
- Goodpoint. Prioritering av läkemedel med miljörisk inom SLL. Stockholm: Goodpoint; 2016. Rapport LS 2016–0634.
- Provtagningar av läkemedelsrester i vatten, sediment och fisk för Region Stockholm.
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd. Fick J, Lindberg RH, Kaj L, Brorström-Lundén E. Results from the Swedish National Screening Programme 2010. Subreport 3, B 2014 Pharmaceuticals.
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd Fick J, Lindberg RH, Fång J, Magnér J, Kaj L, Brorström-Lundén E. Screening 2014. Analysis of pharmaceuticals and hormones in samples from WWTPs and receiving waters. Rapport C 135.
- Fick J, Lindberg RH, Tysklind M, Larsson DG. Predicted critical environmental concentrations for 500 pharmaceuticals. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2010;58:516-23.
- Isidori M, Nardelli A, Parrella A, Pascarella L, Previtera L. A multispecies study to assess the toxic and genotoxic effect of pharmaceuticals: furosemide and its photoproduct. Chemosphere. 2006;63:785-93.
- Fass.se för vårdpersonal
Author: Health and Medical Care Administration, Region Stockholm