Miconazole

Detailed information

Fass environmental information

Fass environmental information for Daktacort (hydrocortisone, miconazole) for miconazole (downloaded 2018-06-27).

Hazard

Persistence: Miconazole nitrate is potentially persistent.

Bioaccumulation: BCF = 1 949.

Chronic toxicity: There is NOEC for 3 trophic levels, lowest NOEC for green algae (Selenastrum capricornutum) NOECr 72 h = 10 microg/L.

Risk

PEC/PNEC is based on sales data in Sweden in year 2015. PEC/PNEC = 0.3455 which gives the risk low.

In selection of algae for toxicity testing of antimicrobials the European Medicines Agency, EMA, recommends test on blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). No information on toxicity on blue-green algae has been found, which means that a calculation of environmental risk becomes uncertain.

Läkemedelsrester i vattenmiljön in Sweden

Miconazole is being tested in Region Stockholm but has been below the quantification limit (LOQ) recently. Miconazole has been detected in outgoing wastewater, surface water and sludge in Sweden.

EU water legislation

Miconazole is monitored within the framework of EU water legislation. "Substances for which doubt exists about their toxicity, or for which the sensitivity, reliability or comparability of the available monitoring methods are not adequate, should not be included in the watch list. The sulfonamide antibiotic sulfamethoxazole and the diaminopyrimidine antibiotic trimethoprim, the antidepressant venlafaxine and its metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine, a group of three azole pharmaceuticals (clotrimazole, fluconazole and miconazole) ... The inclusion of the various pharmaceuticals is consistent with the EU Strategic Approach to Pharmaceuticals in the Environment, and the inclusion of the two antibiotics is also consistent with the European One Health Action Plan against Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), which supports the use of the watch list to ‘improve knowledge of the occurrence and spread of antimicrobials in the environment’."