Oseltamivir
Sammanfattning
Fara 4 P 3 B 0 T 1 Risk Försumbar
Denna sammanfattande information kommer från Fass.
Persistens. Oseltamivir är potentiellt persistent.
Bioackumulering. Oseltamivir har låg potential att bioackumuleras.
Toxicitet. Oseltamivir har måttligt kronisk toxicitet.
Risk. Användning av oseltamivir (försäljningsdata Sverige 2017) har bedömts medföra försumbar risk för miljöpåverkan.
Vetenskaplig diskussion
Vetenskaplig diskussion Tamiflu (oseltamivir) 2005.
"In a carbon dioxide evolution test for determination of biodegradability, Ro 64-0796/002 was not readily biodegradable. In an acute toxicity study in Daphnia magna, Ro 64-0796/002 was classified as harmful according to the EU Directive 67/548/EEC as amended. Exposure estimations according to the worst case scenario for the environment has been carried out. According to the draft regulations a quotient of PEC and PNEC Predicted No-Effect Concentration equal or less than one is taken as indicative of environmental compatibility for a given active substance. (PECwater [Europe] /PNECwater = µg/l 33 ng/l 173 ˜0.005). As the PEC/PNEC ratio is significantly smaller than 1, no long-term negative effect on the aquatic environment is to be expected. Even using the lowest NOEC (NOEbC algae, 10 mg/l) for extrapolating the PNEC, the PEC/PNEC ratio is still below 0.02. Considering ecotoxicological properties,use pattern, dosage and maximal estimated amounts of oseltamivir to be placed on the market, no exposure levels of concern to the environment are to be expected."
Utredningsrapport
Utredningsrapport för Tamiflu 26 mars 2015 EMA/CHMP/186699/2015.
"The estimated theoretical increase of oseltamivir usage followed by the addition of the new indication for Tamiflu in children <1 year of age with the dosing regimen 3 mg/kg twice daily (BID) for 5 days would be <0.5% of the population of Europe. The environmental risk arising from widespread Tamiflu administration during an influenza pandemic in Europe have been previously assessed and resulted in no significant environmental risk. The addition of a new indication for Tamiflu as treatment of influenza in infants below 1 year of age is not expected to lead to a significant increase in environmental exposure even following widespread use of oseltamivir in the newly indicated population."
Fass miljöinformation
Fass miljöinformation för Tamiflu från Roche (hämtad 2020-04-07).
Fara
Persistens: "Ready biodegradability: 3% after 28 days of incubation CO2/ThCO2 (OECD 301 B) OEP not readily biodegradable. [...] Not biodegradable (OECD 308) OE+OA 1:4. Oseltamivir ethylester phosphate (OEP) is not readily degradable. This justifies the phrase 'Oseltamivir ethylester phosphate (OEP) is potentially persistent.'"
Bioackumulation: "Log KOW = 0.36 (pH 7.4, 25 °C) OEP. Log KOW = 0.95. Oseltamivir ethylester phosphate (OEP) has low potential for bioaccumulation (log KOW <4)."
Toxicitet: Det finns data för 3 trofinivåer, känsligaste kräftdjur och fisk NOEC 1000 mikrog/L.
Risk
PEC/PNEC utgår från försäljningsdata i Sverige under år 2017. PEC/PNEC = 0,000013 vilket ger risken försumbar.
Författad vid avdelningen Kunskapsutveckling, Region Stockholm